本篇为第3篇笔记：假设语气。
一、经典例句
1. If you are free, please help me with my homework.
2. If I were free, I would help you with your homework.
1.1 假设法现在式
3. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
4. I suggest that everyone should help in some way.
=> I suggest that everyone help in some way.
5. I insist that she should consult the doctor.
=> I insist that she consult the doctor.
6. It is important that we be honest.
=> It is important that we should be honest.
=> It is important for us to be honest.
1.2 假设法过去式
7. If I were young, I could enjoy this party.
=> As I am not young, I can't enjoy this party.
8. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a yacht.
=> As I don't have much money, I won't buy a yacht.
1.3 假设法过去完成式
9. If I had known the gossip then, I would have told you.
=> As I didn't known the gossip then, I wouldn't tell you.
10. If our teacher had spoken louder, we wouldn't have dozed off.
=> We wouldn't have dozed off if our teacher had spoken louder.
=> As our teacher didn't speak loud, we dozed off.
=> we dozed off as our teacher didn't speak loud.
11. Suppose you had ten million dollars, what would you like to do first?
=> Supposing you had ten million dollars, what would you like to do first?
12. I will stay here provided the climate agrees with me tomorrow.
=> I will stay here providing the climate agrees with me tomorrow.
13. If I had done my homework yesterday, I would go on a date with her now.
=> As I didn't do my homework yesterday, I don't go on a date with her now.
1.4 假设法未来式
14. If it should rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.
=> If it should rain tomorrow, the game will be put off.
15. If the Pacific Ocean were to dry up, I would change my mind.
=> I never change my mind.
16. If I were a bird, I could fly to you.
=> Were I a bird, I could fly to you.
17. If he had known the truth, he would have told you.
=> Had he known the truth, he would have told you.
18. If it should rain, I would stay at home.
=> Should it rain, I would stay at home.
1.5 其他假设法的表现
19. He talks as if he knew everything.
=> He talks as though he knew everything.
20. She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
=> She looks as though she had seen a ghost.
21. She laughed as if nothing had happened.
=> She laughed as though nothing had happened.
22. I wish I knew Annie's cellular phone number.
=> I'm sorry I don't know Annie's cellular phone number.
23. I wish I hadn't bought such an expensive dress.
=> I'm sorry I bought such an expensive dress then.
24. It's past midnight. It's time the children went to bed.
=> It's time the children went to bed.
=> It's time that the children went to bed.
=> It's time for the children to go to bed.
25. It's about time you apologized to her for what you did.
26. If only I had taken her advice.
27. If only my tooth would stop hurting!
28. It it were not for music, he would not live a moment.
=> Were it not for music, he would not live a moment.
=> Without music, he could not live a moment.
=> But for music, he could not live a moment.
29. If it had not been for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
=> Had it not been for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
=> Without the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
=> But for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game.
1.6 代替if子句的用法
30. To hear him talk, you would think he knew all about the secret.
=> If you heard him talk, you would think he knew all about the secret.
31. I know he is innocent; otherwise I wouldn't try to save him.
=> If I didn't know he was innocent, I wouldn't try to save him.
32. We hid in the forest; otherwise they would have found us.
=> If we hadn't hidden in the forest, they would have found us.
33. With a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
=> If you had a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
34. Ten years ago, I could have run around this lake within half an hour.
=> If it had been ten years ago, I could have run around this lake within half an hour.
35. The same man, living in this centry, would be a hero.
=> The same man, if he were living in this centry, would be a hero.
36. Seen from a distance, you might look hansome.
=> If you were seen from a distance, you might be hansome.
37. A man of sense wouldn't say such a thing.
=> If he were a man of sense, he wouldn't say such a thing.
38. A secret agent would never tell you his real name.
=> If he were a secret agent, he would never tell you his real name.
二、知识点回顾（对应例句编号）
1. 直述句。
If you are free, please help me with my homework.
2. 假设句。
If I were free, I would help you with your homework.
2.1 假设法现在式
假设语气重点：
1）时间线
过去完成式 -> 过去式 -> 现在式 -> 未来式
2）事实与假设时态差一级
比如：与现在事实对比，假设语气就用过去式。
🏁句子中的前后时代要一致，前面现在式，后面也是现在式；
will是表示未来的，但是本身是现在式的动词。
shall “将要”的意思；
should 助动词 “应该”的意思
只有should有“应该”的意思。
4. everyone 第三人称单数，但是后面的help为何不加s？是因为前面省略了“should”，should后面用原形。
5. she consult 一样的道理，省略了should，所以用的VR。
假设语气不是只有if语句，比如：
S + 动词（suggest、demand、insist、agree等类似意思的动词） + that + 假设法现在式；
It is + 形容词（necessary、important等） + that + 假设法现在式。
2.2 假设法过去式
🏁句子中的前后时代要一致，前面过去式，后面也是过去式；
8. won't = will not
2.3 假设法过去完成式
know动词三态：know，knew，known
特别注意四个词：would/could/should/might。
从属连接词 if，可在句前，也可在句中
if在句子中间时，无需逗号分隔；
doze off 打瞌睡。
speak loud. 在事实的叙述中，loud原形更合适，从语气判断更适宜些。
在假设语气中 had spoken louder，比较是和事实比较；
注意：在条件子句中，除了if之外，也可用：
suppose、supposing、suppose that、providing、provided、provided that、as long as、in case、unless等字。
但 unless 通常不用于假设语气的句子中。
unless用于直述句，if用于假设句；
suppose 假设
in case 万一
unless 除非
重点：若两子句的时态不同时，其时态「各自为准」！
2.4 假设法未来式
对未来的假设。
if子句中怎么会有should？ 很特殊，但其实意思也变了，解释为“万一”，万中有一的概率。
were to 指“不可能发生”的假设；
重点：假设句中的If可以省略，形成Were（Had/Should等）+主词的顺序。
2.5 其他假设法的表现
... as if / as though(仿佛；好像) + S + 假设法过去式
... as if / as though(仿佛；好像) + S + 假设法过去完成式
... wish(希望) + S + 假设法过去式
... wish(希望) + S + 假设法过去完成式
It is time + （that）+ S + 假设法过去式
It is about time + （that）+ S + 假设法过去式
It is almost time + （that）+ S + 假设法过去式
It is high time + （that）+ S + 假设法过去式
If only + S + 假设法过去式
If only + S + 假设法过去完成式
注：If only ... 和 I wish ... 在表现上意思差不多。
If it were not for ... => 假设法过去式
If it had not been for ... => 假设法过去完成式
（若没有...的话）
She look as if she had seen a ghost.
她现在看起来，但见到鬼是在过去，所以与过去事实相反，假设语气向前推，就用过去完成式。
It is high time you got a job.
你该找份工作了。
what you did
=> the thing that you did
what 作为关系代名词
in time 及时
on time 准时
2.6 代替if子句的用法
除了连接词if开始的副词子句之外，不定词、副词片语、分词构句等有时也有假设的功能。
不定词更简洁，假设语气可通过后半句体现；
在有连接词的句子中，其中有连接词的部分是附属的子句，无连接词的部分是老大（主句）。
当表述重复想省略主词等，也是省略子句的主词等。
eg： If you had a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
=> With a little patience, you could get over your difficulty.
with 这里是有的意思。
注：with本身可以是副词，也可以是介词。
分词：{
现在分词 Ving -> 代表主动
过去分词 P.P -> 代表被动
注意：分词不代表现在/过去等时态，只有动词才代表时态。
}
A man of ... 什么样的人
A man of sense
A man of ability
A man of power
get over 克服
patient （adj.）有耐性的；（n.）病人
patience （n.）有耐性
Be patient 有耐性一点
Be a good patient 当个听话的病人
三、例句中文翻译（参考）
-
如果你有空，请帮我做功课。（表“有帮忙的可能性存在”）
-
如果我有空，我会帮你做功课。（表“我现在没空，所以无法帮你”之意）
3.1 假设法现在式
-
如果明天下雨的话，我们将取消这次的野餐。
-
我提议每一个人都以某种方式帮忙。
-
我坚持她要去看医生。
-
诚实对我们而言很重要。
3.2 假设法过去式
-
如果我还年轻，我就能够乐在派对中。
=> 我现在已经不年轻了，我无法乐在派对中。 -
如果我有很多钱，我就买一艘游艇。
=> 我没有那么多钱，我无法买游艇。
3.3 假设法过去完成式
-
如果我那时知道那个流言，我早就告诉你了。
-
如果那时我们的老师讲课大声点，我们就不会打瞌睡。
-
假设你有一千万美金，你会先做什么？
-
如果明天这里气候适合的话，我就待下来。
-
如果我昨天做完功课的话，我今天就可以和她约会。
3.4 假设法未来式
-
万一明天下雨的话，比赛将会延期。
-
如果太平洋干涸的话，我会改变心意。
-
如果我是一只鸟，我就能飞向你。
-
如果他知道真相，他会告诉你。
-
万一下雨的话，我会呆在家。
3.5 其他假设法的表现
-
他说的好像他知道一切。
-
她看起来好像她那时见到鬼了。
-
她那时笑得仿佛之前什么都没有发生。
-
我希望我知道安妮的手机号码。
-
我希望那时我没有买那么贵的洋装。
-
已经过了午夜了，该是小朋友上床睡觉的时间了。
-
该是你为你的所作所为向她道歉的时候了。
-
但愿那时我有接受她的忠告。
-
但愿我的牙齿不疼了！
-
若没有音乐，他一刻也无法生存。
-
若那时没有塞车，我们就能及时赶上比赛。
3.6 代替if子句的用法
-
听到他说的话，你一定会以为他知道所有的秘密。
-
我知道他是无辜的；否则我不会设法救他。
-
那时我们躲在森林里，否则他们会找到我们。
-
如果稍微有点耐性，你就能克服困难。
-
如果在十年前，我绕着这湖水跑一圈只要半个小时就好了。
-
同样这个人，若生在这世纪，一定是个英雄。
-
稍微远一点看，你看起来就很帅。
-
有知识的人不会这么说的。
-
情报人员是不会告诉你他的真实姓名的。
